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1996-08-04
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rip <subcommand>
The commands given here are used for RIP. After this list of
commands is the list for RIP-2. The RIP-2 implementation includes
compatibility with RIP-1. The sets of commands are separated here to
improve clarity.
rip accept <gateway>
Remove the specified gateway from the RIP filter table,
allowing future broadcasts from that gateway to be accepted.
rip add <hostid> <seconds> <flags>
Add an entry to the RIP broadcast table. The IP routing table
will be sent to <hostid> every interval of seconds. If <flags> is
specified as 1, then "split horizon" processing will be performed
for this destination. That is, any IP routing table entries
pointing to the interface that will be used to send this update
will be removed from the update. If split horizon processing is
not specified, then all routing table entries except those
marked "private" will be sent in each update. (Private entries
are never sent in RIP packets). If flags is 2, the broadcast
will also advertise a route to the system itself. Flags are
accumalative, ie a value of 3 will mean both "split horizon" and
"me too". See also the 'route' command.
Triggered updates are always done. That is, any change in the
routing table that causes a previously reachable destination to
become unreachable will trigger an update that advertises the
destination with metric 15, defined to mean "infinity".
Note that for RIP packets to be sent properly to a broadcast
address, there must exist correct IP routing and ARP table
entries that will first steer the broadcast to the correct
interface and then place the correct link-level broadcast address
in the link-level destination field. If a standard IP broadcast
address convention is used (e.g. 44.26.0.0 or 44.26.255.255) then
chances are you already have the necessary IP routing table entry
(unusual subnet or cluster-addressed networks may require special
attention!) However, an 'arp add' command will be required to
translate this address to the appropriate link level broadcast
address; For example, arp add 44.255.255.255 ax25 qst-0
for an AX25 packet radio channel. (If there are multiple AX25
interfaces, make a unique address for each interface.)
rip drop <dest>
Remove an entry from the RIP broadcast table.
rip kick
Immediate command to send a rip update.
rip merge [on|OFF]
(B) This flag controls an experimental feature for consolidating
redundant entries in the IP routing table. When rip merging is
enabled, the table is scanned after processing each RIP update.
An entry is considered redundant if the target(s) it covers would
be routed identically by a less "specific" entry already in the
table. That is, the target address(es) specified by the entry in
question must also match the target addresses of the less
specific entry and the two entries must have the same interface
and gateway fields. For example, if the routing table contains
Dest Len Interface Gateway Metric P Timer Use
44.2.3.4 32 ax0 44.96.1.2 1 0 0 0
44.2.3.0 24 ax0 44.96.1.2 1 0 0 0
then the first entry would be deleted as redundant since packets
sent to 44.2.3.4 will still be routed correctly by the second
entry. Note that the relative metrics of the entries are ignored.
rip refuse <gateway>
Refuse to accept RIP updates from the specified <gateway> by
adding the gateway to the RIP filter table. It may be later
removed with the 'rip accept' command.
rip request <gateway>
Send a RIP Request packet to the specified <gateway>, causing it
to reply with a RIP Response packet containing its routing table.
rip status
Display RIP status, including a count of the number of packets
sent and received, the number of requests and responses, the
number of unknown RIP packet types, and the number of refused RIP
updates from hosts in the filter table. A list of the addresses
and intervals to which periodic RIP updates are being sent is
also shown, along with the contents of the filter table.
rip trace [0|1|2] Default is 0.
(B) This variable controls the tracing of incoming and outgoing
RIP packets. Setting it to 0 disables all RIP tracing. A value of
1 causes changes in the routing table to be displayed, while
packets that cause no changes cause no output. Setting the
variable to 2 produces maximum output, including tracing of RIP
packets that cause no change in the routing table.
rip ttl <seconds>
(B) Displays or sets the time to live timer to 'seconds'. Normal
time-out value is 240 seconds. This is not the ttl in a rip
broadcast (16 = infinite). Set this timer before starting rip.
Change this timer only in cooperation with your surrounding
nodes. Default is 240 seconds.
End of RIP-1 commands.
*********************************************************************
The following text is provided by N0POY who did the NOS
implementation of RIP-2.
This document covers the implementation of RIP-2 (RFC 1388) in
NOS. Specifically the WG7J version of NOS. RIP-2 is an enhanced
version of the RIP protocol (RFC 1058). RIP and RIP-2 are an interior
gateway protocol (IGP). RIP-2 for NOS was implemented by Jeff White,
N0POY.
This documentation is for the beta release V0.9 of RIP-2
RIP-2 Features
The NOS implementation implements all features of the normal RIP
protocol (RFC 1058) and all features of the RIP-2 protocol (RFC 1388)
except multicasting (which NOS does not currently implement) and Route
Tags (NOS does not implement any EGPs).
Features include:
Routing Domains
Authentication
Proxy routing
Filtering of naughty nodes
Optional refusal of a default route
Enhanced logging and tracing
Route subnet masks correctly maintained
Optional refusal to accept older RIP version broadcasts
Mixing of RIP-1 and RIP-2 support
NOS RIP COMMANDS
RIP ACCEPT <gateway>
The RIP ACCEPT command resumes the acceptance of RIP broadcasts
from a specific node given in the <GATEWAY> field.
RIP ACCEPT 192.55.248.1 or
RIP ACCEPT skeggi.tcman.ampr.org
RIP ADD <DEST> <INTERVAL> [<FLAGS>] [<RIPVER>] [AUTH <PASSWORD>]
[RD <routing domain>]
The RIP ADD command adds a node to the list of stations that are
to be broadcast to with the local nodes routing table.
<DEST> is the destination node, usually a broadcast address.
<INTERVAL> is the number of seconds between broadcasts.
<FLAGS> are the RIP flags used (see below for the flags), it
is a hexadecimal number.
<RIPVER> is the version of the RIP broadcasts. This may be a
1 or 2. The AUTH identifier preceeds the
authentication password to be included with the RIP
broadcasts to this destination.
The RD identifier preceeds the routing domain number. This
number must range from 0 to 65535.
The authentication fields and routing domain fields are only
valid with RIP-2 broadcasts. The password must be 16 characters
or fewer. Printable ASCII characters are recommended, but not
required.
RIP <FLAGS>:
0x01 Do 'split horizon' processing
0x02 Include ourselves in the routing broadcast
0x04 Broadcast RIP packets (default type)
0x08 Multicast RIP packets (not implemented) (RIP-2)
0x10 Poisoned Reverse on
0x20 Authentication data to be included in broadcast (RIP-2)
Recommend flags are Split Horizon, and Poisoned Reverse or 0x11.
Authentication and routing domain data entered here only applies
to the outgoing RIP broadcasts. See RIP AUTHADD and RIP AUTHDROP
for entering acceptable passwords and routing domains.
Example:
RIP ADD SKEGGI.TCMAN.AMPR.ORG 30 0x31 2 AUTH frodo RD 2
RIP ADD BIGGUS.TCMAN.AMPR.ORG 300 0x11 1
RIP PROXY <SRC> <DEST> <INTERVAL> [<FLAGS>] [AUTH <PASSWORD>
[RD <ROUTING DOMAIN>]
The RIP PROXY command adds a node to the list of stations that
are to be broadcast to with the local nodes routing table.
<SRC> is the node that the broadcast will "point" to.
<DEST> is the destination node, usually a broadcast address.
<INTERVAL> is the number of seconds between
broadcasts.
<FLAGS> are the RIP flags used (see above for the flags), it
is a hexadecimal number.
The AUTH identifier preceeds the authentication password to be
included with the RIP broadcasts to this
destination.
The RD identifier preceeds the routing domain number. This
number must range from 0 to 65535.
The authentication fields and routing domain fields are only
valid with RIP-2 broadcasts. The password must be 16 characters
or fewer. Printable ASCII characters are recommended, but not
required.
Proxy RIP is tricky, complex and not needed for normal use. Do
NOT use proxy rip unless you understand what you are doing.
Proxy RIP's primary use would be to advertise routes to another
machine that is aquiring routing information via another routing
protocol. See RFC 1388 for further details.
RIP DROP <dest> [<DOMAIN>]
RIP DROP removes a routing broadcast entry. If a RIP-2 broadcast was
entered, the correct routing domain needs to be entered, since it is
possible to broadcast multiple routing domains to the same address.
Example:
RIP DROP SKEGGI.TCMAN.AMPR.ORG 2
RIP AUTHADD <interface> <routing domain> [<password>]
RIP AUTHADD adds an acceptable routing domain and optionally a
password to a specific interface.
Example:
RIP AUTHADD ax0 2 frodo
RIP AUTHADD en0 3
RIP AUTHDROP <interface> <routing domain>
RIP AUTHDROP removes an acceptable routing domain (and password
if any) from a specific interface.
Example:
RIP AUTHDROP ax0 2
RIP REJECT <version>
RIP REJECT is used to ignore older RIP broadcasts, as they may
cause undesirable routing table alterations. The version number
is the version number and below that are ignored. RIP version 0
(XNS RIP) is always ignored. The default is 0.
To ignore RIP-1 broadcasts: RIP REJECT 1 would do the job.
RIP FILTER <on|OFF>
RIP FILTER ON will cause advertisements to the default route
(0.0.0.0) to be tossed and ignored. The default is OFF.
This can serve as a LID filter. Default routes should NOT be
advertised, unless there is a specific reason (ie this machine is
a gateway to the rest of the Internet).
RIP MERGE <on|OFF>
RIP MERGE ON will cause overlapping routing entries to be merged
into one routing entry. The default is OFF.
For example N0BEL.TCMAN.AMPR.ORG is a route to 192.133.30.0/28,
and 192.133.30.16/28, with merging on this would become a single
entry of 192.133.30.0/27.
RIP REFUSE <gateway>
RIP REFUSE will reject all RIP broadcasts from the GATEWAY
station. RIP ACCEPT is the opposite. By default all stations
are accepted.
RIP REQUEST <GATEWAY>
RIP REQUEST asks the gateway station to send a routing table now,
rather than waiting for periodic updates.
RIP STATUS
RIP STATUS will display various statistics for RIP-1 and RIP-2,
RIP broadcasts, RIP refusals, and acceptable Interface, Domain
and Password combinations. It also displays the refusing version
level. The DEFAULT interface is for every interface. Thus
unless removed, and RIP-2 broadcast with a domain of 0 does not
require a password and will be accepted.
RIP TRACE <level> [<FILE>]
RIP TRACE will begin tracing RIP operations. The higher the
level, the more detailed the logging. Level 9 is the useful
maximum, with level 0 (the default) being no logging. If a file
is specified, logging will go to that file, else logging appears
on the console.
RIP TTL <time-To-LIVE>
RIP TTL sets the time-to-live before RIP entries expire from the
routing tables. The default should work for almost all cases.
End of RIP-2 Description